The British Imposed Martial Law For The First Time In Country In The City Of Solapur :
Martial law was indeed imposed in the Indian city of Solapur during the period of British colonial rule. This action took place during the freedom struggle against British colonialism in the early 1940s. The imposition of martial law in Solapur was a significant event in the context of the Indian independence movement.
In 1940, the British government in India enacted the Defense of India Act, which gave them extensive powers to suppress civil disobedience and quell anti-colonial activities. Solapur, a city in the western state of Maharashtra, had become a center of nationalist and anti-British sentiment.
The situation in Solapur escalated in 1940 when the Quit India Movement, a nationwide campaign led by Mahatma Gandhi, was launched, calling for an immediate end to British rule. Solapur actively participated in this movement, with widespread protests, strikes, and civil disobedience. The British authorities responded by declaring martial law in the city.
Under martial law, the military had extraordinary powers, including the authority to arrest and detain individuals without trial, censor the press, and maintain order through force. The imposition of martial law in Solapur resulted in a crackdown on the local freedom movement and a period of intense repression.
Despite the harsh measures, the people of Solapur continued their struggle for independence. This historical episode in Solapur is a testament to the determination of Indians in their fight for freedom against British colonial rule. It’s worth noting that the martial law in Solapur was eventually lifted, but the broader struggle for independence continued until India finally gained its freedom in 1947.
=============================================
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102
SOLAPUR MARTIAL LAW: 1930
Journal of Arts and Culture
ISSN: 0976
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9862 & E
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ISSN: 0976
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9870, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012, pp.
-
102
-
104
Available online at http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.php?id=53
KODALKAR A.V.
Department of History, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil Mahavidyalaya, Pandharpur, Dist: Solapur
-
413304, MS, India.
*Corresponding Author: Email
-
barakadeankush@rediffmail.com
Received: January 09, 2012; Accepted: February 02, 2012
Abstract
-
The national movement for freedom was fought all over the country through urban as well as rural areas. For India’s freedom,
the
Nationalist Movement was fought throughout the length and breadth of the nation. In this great movement, Solapur city also ha
s a
big share.
This city has created a unique place in the Nationalist Movement through important incidents, events and deeds. Many people f
rom
Solapur
were participated in this movement. Obviously, there was a lion’s share of the mill workers because the mill workers were in
the
forefront of
the movement.
Journal of Arts and Culture
ISSN: 0976
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9862 & E
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ISSN: 0976
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9870, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012
Introduction
Solapur is a historical city. When the British were discussing about
the rising of Marathi Empire among the three districts, Britishers
have recorded the name of Solapur. The last fights which were
fought against the British Empire by Marathi Empire, Solapur Dis-
trict also fought up to the last moment.
At the end of 19th Century, due to English education there was
political and social wareness among the middle class people. In
the contemporary era, the thoughts of Justice Ranade and Lok-
manya Tilak were very impressive in Maharashtra. There was also
a class of people in Solapur city inspired by the extremist thoughts
of these people, which included
-
Rambhau Rajwade, Mallappa
Warad, Raobahadur Sathe, Dr. Kirloskar, Shri. Rambhau Sane etc.
These were the leading personalities in Solapur politics. In the civil
field of Solapur, Shri. Hirachand Nemchandand the old newspaper
‘Kalpataru’ edited by Shri. Kakade were taken into consideration.
Though Nationalist Movement was started before 1920, it spread
very fast from 1920 onwards. As there was political awareness and
revolts in other parts of the country, there was impact of these in
Solapur and Municipal Corporation. The mill workers had went on
‘hartal’ in Solapur in 1890, 1902 & 1904. The Extremist leader Lok-
manya Tilak addressed the people in Solapur in 1908. And in the
same year the British Government banned ‘Rajaswa’ newspaper
and the chief editor of this paper Shri. Limaya and the publisher
Shri. Ganla were arrested.
In 1920, there was strong uprising from the mill workers against
Governement and the capitalist mill workers. This revolt took place
continuously three months under the leadership of mill worker
Bhimrao. The Government crashed the revolt ruthlessly. The Brit-
ish Govt. fired at the workers and 7 workers were killed and hun-
dreds of workers wounded. This revolt like ‘hartal’ is supposed as
one of the important steps in Mill workers’ movement in the coun-
try.
Offering the ‘Manapatra’ to Indians was first introduced in India by
Solapur Muncipal Council by offering ‘Manpatra’ to Mahatma Gan-
dhi on 26/05/1921 and showed its nationality. National leaders in
Solapur opposed for offering ‘Maanpatra’ to the Governor from
1925 to 1929.
In 1928, the mill workers observed a great ‘hartal’ nationwide. This
‘hartal’ brough Solapur in limelight. During this ‘hartal’ the leaders
of the workers
-
Com. Sane, Com. Minakshi Sane, and Com. Kar-
hadkar were arrested.
Citation:
Kodalkar A.V. (2012) Solapur Martial Law: 1930. Journal of Arts and Culture, ISSN: 0976
–
9862 & E
-
ISSN: 0976
–
9870, Volume 3,
Issue 1
,
pp
-
102
-
104.
Copyright:
Copyright©2012 Kodalkar A.V.This is an open
-
access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and sourc
e a
re credited.
Bioinfo Publications
103
Taking into consideration Mahatma Gandhi’s Dandi March in 1930,
a bill was passed with greater majority to hoist National flag on
Municipal Council on 6th April 1930. On the same day ‘National
symbol’ was hoisted on Municipal council with a great ceremony.
Thus Solapur was the pioneer in hoisting Nation flag on Municipal
council in Maharashtra. After this month, whatever the incidents &
events took place in Solapur, they were unique. It is a golden page
in the history of freedom movement.
The news of Mahatma Gandhi’s arrest spread in Solapur on 5th
May 1930 at mid night. The congress leaders immediately deter-
mined to spread this news throughout Solapur. People arranged
protest rally’s giving shouts and singing national songs. Early in the
Morning when the mill workers left for their duty, they heard the
news and started condemning the act of Government. Mills were
closed. People stopped railways and broken the railway buggies.
The ‘Shindi’ trees were fallen by the people. Police ruthlessly
opened unrestrained fire. After this, on 7th April the workers were
made a great rebellion. People threw stones at police. People set
the police stations on fire. In this riot many police and the magis-
trate were wounded. At the evening the leaders pleaded to run the
movement peacefully.
On 8th May 1930, the Government arrested the leaders
-
veer
Nariman and Bajaj. People condemned strongly when the news
spread in the city. Nariman was the favorite leader of youths, so the
young leaders Shri. Jagannath Shinde and A. urban Hussain decid-
ed to arrange a large procession of the images of their favorite
leaders and they really arranged a big procession.
There was no one’s control over the procession. Some youth from
the procession returned to Rupa Bhavani area to fall the ‘Shindhi’
trees. Others had no pdea about this. When the youths started
falling ‘Shindi’ trees at Rupabhavani, Police vans arrived there. The
mob of youths threw stones. So the enraged police ruthlessly
opened unrestrained fire. So the people become furious. When the
bullets were over, people caught the police & threw stones on
them. At the time the public leader Mallappa Dhanshetti arrived
there. The collector knight surrendered & pleaded him to let him
free from the clutches of enraged mob. Mallappa Dhanshetti made
the mob silent & released the collector. Mr. Knight from the clutch-
es of enraged mob. But instead of keeping in mind the help assist-
ed by the mob, they started firing at mob when they were let free
from the clutches of mob. Innocent men, women, children were
died. People got enraged due to this act. Jalapa Dhanshetti went to
hospital along with the wounded. Shankar Shivdar died & he be-
came the first martyr in the city.
The enraged mob became furious and started breaking the govern-
ment buildings and vans. This enraged mob demolished police
stations & set the stations on fire. This mob was in the position of
taking the revenge of collector’s firing. Many police were beaten;
even two policemen were burnt alive. This mob also set the court
on fire. Many government offices were also set on fire. Mr. Knight
ignored all these incidents & he was engaged in moving the Eng-
lish women and children to a safe place.
When the situation in the city became calm and peaceful, suddenly
the police started firing at people through their police vans. From
12 P.M. to 7.00 P.M. the police fired at people through every road
in the city. 50 innocent people were killed and hundreds were
wounded. The detail of this incident were published in Rambhau
Rajwade’s ‘Karmyogi’ weekly (10th May 1930) and criticized the
despotism of the government. Differenment newspaper in the state
and country concerned the act of government.
People were feared of these incidents. They started leaving Sola-
pur supposing that it is dangerous to live in Solapur. Within two
days near about 25000 people left Solapur. All the transactions &
business were stopped. Mills were also closed. The police also
quitted Solapur. In this situation some national leaders declared
freedom in Solapur.
Solapur city was under the revolutions for 3 days. During this, the
local political leaders established their own administration system.
They served the wounded people in firing. In brief, Solapur enjoyed
the freedom. This is compared with 1871’s Paris communs.
Mr. Knight took the assistance of retired policed officer Khan
Imamsaheb to crush the revolt in Solapur. Mr. Khan has also to
take revenge on the leaders in Solapur. He started arresting reput-
ed leaders under different crimes. Then he discussed with the
home minister, Hotson and decided to impose Martial law in Sola-
pur. Thus for the first time in Maharashtra, Martial law was imposed
in Solapur.
As it was the first Martial law in Solapur, people had to suffer a lot.
The person seen on the roads were beaten ruthlessly, Gandhi cap
was being removed from the heads of the people. The mill workers
suffered a lot of Martial law.
Many people were arrested for hoisting the National flags. The
Municipal president Manikohand shah was arrested for denying
removing the national flag from Municipal council. Many people
were arrested for setting the court on fire, riot at rupabhawani and
Murder of two policemen. The police arranged the procession by
beating Shri. Dhanshetti, Shri. Shinde, Shri. Sarda and Shri.
Kurban Husain ruthlessly. A congress leader Tulshidas Jadhav was
beaten ruthlessly for not removing Gandhi Cap and 10 years pun-
ishment was announced. Along with these people so many work-
ers, leaders & students were arrested.
During the military rule, the soldiers in Solapur city were very cruel
to the people. The people were being beaten ruthlessly for wearing
Gandhi cap, Khadi cloths. The police, soldiers and the officers loot-
ed the shops. Even some have raped the women. But the govern-
ment ignored to all these incidents. Workers were compulsorily
sent to work. Shri. Mallapa Dhanshetti, Shri. Kisan Sarda,
Shri.Jagannath Shinde and Shri. Kurban Husain were charged by
selecting the session judge from pune for the death of the police on
the 8th May. After reading the charge sheet, on 6th June 1930 the
judge announcement hangdeath.
The crimes of these people were false. The information of the four
martyrs is as follows.
Shri. Mallappa Dhanshetti
-
He was an accountant in
‘Pandharkar Pedhi’. He was supposed as a congress leader.
He was charged due to to his job. He has saved the life of Mr.
Knight. His personality was very effective. He was punished
under military law.
Shri. Jagannath Shinde
-
He was supposed as the leader of
Youths. He did efforts to make Hindu society strong. His
speech was effective. He was also punished under military law.
He was the leader of congress youth forum.
Shri. Kisan Sarda
-
He was a rich Marwari. He had no strong
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ISSN: 0976
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Solapur Martial Law: 1930
Bioinfo Publications
104
relation with politics. But he was the follower of Hindu society.
He lelped Hindu people and their rituals. He was also punished
under military law.
Shri. A. Qurban Hussain
-
He was known as the leader of mill
workers. He was the secretary of youth forum. He was the most
loving leader due to effective speech, during and Hindu
-
mus-
lim unity. He was a reformative leaders were in anper. He had
run ‘Gazanfar’ newspaper. He was also arrested under Military
law.
There was a ban for National flag when there was Martial law in
Solapur. A Nationalist leader shri. V.V. Sathe proclaimed to con-
demn this. So he arrived at Solapur with his colleague, a national
flag in their hands. They were arrested on station. After this many
groups of people through the country started arriving at Solapur for
zenda satyagriha. They were treated with despotism but to respect
the national symbol, the workers, businessmen and thousands of
young men jumped into this movement. We should not forget this
incident.
This newas in focus. Then Mumbai government’s publicity depart-
ment brought a declation tont it was decisive. It was also seriously
criticized. So to find out the actual situation in Solapur. The Gov-
erner
-
sir fredrid siex arrived at Solapur on 18th June 1920. He
observed the whole city. He was requested to withdraw the military
law by millowners businessmen to withdraw martial lawfrom 30th
June. In this way it was withdrawn after 48 days.
The result of the ‘setting court on fire’ was declared on 18th Oct.
1930. Shri. Jagannath Pardeshi, Shri. Channusing Chandele, Dr.
Antrolikar was accused and declared punishment. 23 people were
accused for the revolt of Rupabhavani. 60 people had left Solapur
who were the criminals in these two cases.
The people throughout India were eagerly waiting for the declaring
of ‘hangdeath’. The decision of the preview council was also deci-
sive. Finally ‘hangdath’ was finalized for these four people. The
Indian leaders
–
Barrister Jaykar, Dr. Muje who were at ‘Round
table conference’ pleaded the Indian Prime minister Wejwood to
withdraw the ‘hang death’ in London Barrister Wilson arranged
protest rallies and applied for withdrawing hang death from India
hundreds of religions priests telegrammed Shri. Venn to cancel the
hang death. The eminent leaders in India tried their level best.
Barrister Chagla sent an application having 2 lac signatures to
voicerai and Mumbai women sent application of 1 lack women’s
signature. All in all the people from different strata of society were
fighting against the ‘hang death’. The mill workers closed mills and
arranged public addresses throughout the nation for withdrawing
the hang death. Sheth Walchand Hirachand and Shri. Tatyasaheb
Kelkar personally met Hotson and requested to cancel the
‘hangdeath’. But it was of no use.
Solapur Municipal council passed a bill with majority for withdraw-
ing the ‘hangdeath’ but it was also of no use.
At the end, on 11th Jan. 1931 the four were hanged to death at
3.00 p.m. They shouted
-
Jayhind
-
Vande Mataram. Even the gov-
ernment denied to handover the dead bodies of these martyres.
Thus the British Govt., which was the best supporters of democra-
cy, killed 4 persons brutally. So the people throghhout the nation
because furious. In pune thousand of people arranged rallys for
handing over the dead bodies of martyrs. To condemn the
‘hangdeath’ rally in hundred of cities in India were arranged e.g.
Pune, Jalgaon, Panvel, Penn, Belgaum, Hubali, Dharwad, Calcutta,
Indore, Ujjain, Gwalior, Nagpur, Vardha, Nagpur, Kolhapur,
Badoda, Surat etc. The Govt. tried to crush these rallys brutally.
The govt. opened unrestrained fire and lathi charge against people.
But there were many rally arranged throughout the nation opposing
the despotism of the govt. to pay homage to the mastyrs.
There was a pindrop silence in Solapur when the news of
‘hangdeath’ spread in Solapur. The whole city was closed sponta-
neously. On the second day after the hangdeath i.e. 13th Jan.
1931, a/c the newspapers in the country condemned the act. The
famous Bengali poet
-
Rabindranath Tagore condemned in ‘London
Times’
The Municipal Council passed a bill to release the arrested under
Martial law. But it was of no use. According to Gandhi
-
Irwin pact,
Dr. Antrolikar was released. But Lord Irwin hesitated to release
Shri. Rambhau Rajwade. When Mahatma Gandhi announced that
unless and until Rajwade is released, he won’t attend the round
table conference, immediately Lord Irwin ordered to releases
Rajwade. The signature on the Gandhi
-
Irwin pact was made when
the Voiceri ordered the release of Rajwade and then the pact was
completed.
To take the revenge of Solapur, Shri. Vasudeo Gogate, a student in
pune fired at Hotson. Hotson was saved due to the iron coat but
Gogate was arrested. Hotson asbed him “Why did you fire at me?”
Gogate answered without fear “As against your tyrannical admin-
istration in Solapur”
Thus the martial law in Solapur has a unique place in India’s free-
dom movement; In this movement the people in Solapur put their
lives on stake. In this way through the hopes, Sacrifies a prosper-
ons day came to rise
-
15th Aug. 1947.
References
[1]
Andurkar V.G.
Solapur Marshal Law and Four Hutamata
.
[2]
Home Department Files (Bombay Arcaies
-
Mumbai) (1930)
File
No. 750 (14) B I
.
[3]
Home Department Files (Bombay Arcaies
-
Mumbai) (1930)
File
No. 750 (14) B (C).
.............................................................................................................................
fined.
61
IV
SOLAPUR
DISTRICT
CONFERENCE
KURDUWADI
District
conference
was
held
at
Kurduwadi
on
18,19
Hay
1929.
President
was
N
.
D
.
Sawarkar
.
About
400
persons
attended.
Raimal
Hiraji
Bhate
was
the
chairman
of
reception
committee.
President
stated
(people)
should
awaken
tot
fight
for
the
freedom
of
country.
Present
system
of
education
is
manufacturing
clerks
and
slaves
which
were
required
by
British
government,
to
run
the
administration.
Hindu-Muslim
problem
can
be
solved
as
they
are
solved
in
other
countries
in
Europe.
Important
Resolutions
were
passed
(1)
Protesting
against
Bombay
Government
in
opening
new
liquor
shops.
(2)
Agreeing
Youth
League
in
observing
10
May
as
day
of
Independence.
62
At
the
same
time
Solapur
district
Youth
Conference
was
held
on
19
May
1929.
About
400
youths
attended
the
conference.
President
was
Sarabhai
Nemchand
Haji
of
Bombay.
Ganapatrao
Dhondoba
Sathe
was
the
Chairman
of
Reception
Committee.
Youth
movement
was
to
create
a
desire
for
independence
of
the
country
among
youths.
The
following
important
resolutions,
passed.
63
1.
Declaring
complete
Independence
as
the
ideal
of
Solapur
Youth
League.
2.
Organising
Youth
of
district.
3.
Popularising
Swadeshi
goods
and
boycotting
foreign
cloth
(British
made.
)
114
4.
Abolishing
untouchability.
A
committee
was
appointed
to
carry
out
above
objectives.
Solapur
:
1.
Govindalal
Kanayalal
2.
Dr.K.B.Antrolikar
Pandharpur
1.
Ganesh
Waman
Joshi
2.
Nana
Sangolkar
Barsi
1.
Vinayakrao
Sulakhe
2.
Kisan
Kamalakar
Shete
Madha
1.
Manikchand
Tuljaram
2.
Kurdukar,
pleader
Karmala
Kavadi
Sangola
Pande
Natepute
1.
Ghugardare
2.
Dr.Kale
Akkalkot
1.
Apparao
Deshpande
2.
Gopalrao
Manurkar
Kurduwadi
1.
Ganapatrao
Shinde
2.
Dr.Karandikar
Nevertheless
the
All-Parties
convention
and
later
the
Congress,
agreed
to
accept
Dominion
Status
if
granted
on
or
before
31
December
1929.
Failing
this
the
Congress
resolved
to
pursue
its
goal
of
Independence
and
organise
non-violent
non
cooperation
including
non-payment
of
taxes
movement.
Lord
Irvin
declared
that
First
Round
Table
Conference
all
parties
would
be
held
in
London
to
discuss
the
recommendations
of
Simon
Commission.
All
this
fell
far
short
of
its
demands.
The
Congress
-
115
-
in
its
Lahore
session
held
in
December
1929
declared
complete
independence
as
its
goal,
resolved
to
boycott
the
Legislatures
and
the
Round
Table
Conference
and
took
steps
for
launching
a
programme
of
Civil
Disobedience.
Independence
day
was
declared
all
over
India
on
26
January
1930.
C.Rajgopalchari
,
a
Congress
leader
of
Madras
had
been
to
Valsang
on
22
February
1930
as
a
principal
speaker.
A
meeting
was
held
at
Valsang
under
presidentship
of
V.G.Gujar
of
the
village.
Other
prominent
persons
were
-
Shankar
Dattatraya
Deo
of
Pune,
G
.
B
.
Deshpande
and
others
were
present.
Their
speeches
dealt
with
Gandhiji's
Civil
Disobedience
Movement.
64
Besides
the
efforts
of
Congress,
the
newspapers
in
the
district
were
active
in
creating
an
atmosphere
in
the
district.
In
1930,
the
following
newspapers
were
working
in
the
district.
1.
Solapur
Samachar.
2.
Karmayogi
.
3.
Kalpataru
&
Anandvritt
.
4.
Gazenfer.
The
editor
of
Solapur
Samachar
was
the
late
Vitthalrao
Narsappa
Jakkal
and
nearly
5000
copies
of
this
paper
were
circulation.
It
was
a
good
circulation
under
the
circumstances.
Shri
Rambhau
Rajawade
was
the
editor
of
Karmayogi.
No
reliable
information
regarding
the
number
of
copies
in
circulation
is
available.
The
Martial
law
administration
had
sealed
its
press,
office
and
confiscated
all
the
records.
116
"Gazenfer"
was
edited
by
one
of
the
martyr
of
Solapur,
Shri
Kurban
Hussain.
No
reliable
information
about
this
paper
is
also
available.
It
is
said
that
after
arrest
of
Shri
Kurban
Hussain
all
records
were
removed
to
Valsang,
the
native
place
of
Kurban
Hussain
and
when
the
police
went
there
they
found
to
their
dismay
that
all
th
records
had
already
been
burnt.
The
fact
that
the
four
newspapers
were
published
in
Solapur
in
1930
shows
that
the
people
of
Solapur
were
very
alert
and
eager
to
know
the
political
developments
in
the
country.
It
also
shows
that
journalism
was
popular
and
flourishing
even
in
a
town
like
Solapur.
117
NOTES
AND
REFERENCES.
1.
Tarachand,
History
of
Freedom
Movement
on
India,
Vol.Ill,p.191.
2.
Bipin
Chandra,
India's
Struggle
for
Independence,
p.70.
3.
Ibid,
p.176.
4.
G.A.Natesan,
"Reminiscences,
cited
in
B.R.Nanda,
Gandhiji,
pp.
154-5.
5.
M.K.Gandhi,
An
Autobiography
of
the
Story
of
my
experiment
with
truth,
pp.
365-66.
6.
Ibid.,p.
628.
7.
Tarachand,
Op.Cit,
p.336.
8.
Harijan,
Nov,
19,
1938,
p.336.
9.
Harijan,
June
25,
1938,
p.162.
10.
Ibid.,p.Nov.
19,
1938.
p.337.
11.
Harijan,
July
26,
1942,
p.248.
12.
Young
India,
Dec
18,
1920,
S.Ganeshan
collection
1924,
p.297
quoted
in
Indian
Freedom
Movement
and
Thought,
1919-1929
ed.by.J.C.Johari,p.
28.
13.
Harijan,
Jan.
15,
1938.
14.
Lai
Bahadur,
Indian
Freedom
Movement
and
Thoughts,
1919-1929
ed.
by
J.C.Johari,
p.27.
15.
Maharashtra
Shasan
Prakashan
Vibhag,
Bharatiya
Swantantrya
Sangram
Aur
Maharashtra
,
p
.
6
9.
16.
Ibid.
,
p.
66.
17.
Solapur
Samachar,
Jubilee
Ank,
1936,
p.30.
18.
Bombay
Presidency
Police
Secret
Report,
1921,
p.337.
19.
Ibid.
,
p.
569.
118
20.
Ibid.
,
p.620.
21.
Ibid.
,
p.
927.
22.
Ibid.,
pp.
1175-1199
23.
Ibid.
,
p.
1228.
24.
Ibid.,
p.1247.
25.
Ibid.,
p.U75.
26.
Ibid.
,
p.
1824.
27.
Maharashtra
Shasan
Prakashan
Vibhag,
Bharatiya
Swantantrya
Sangram
Aur
Maharashtra,
p.67.
28.
Bombay
Presidency
Police
Secret
Report,
1921,
p.183.
29.
Solapur
Nagarpalika
Shatasamvatsarik,
1953,
p.323.
30.
Ibid.
,
p.327.
31.
Bipan
Chandra,
Op.Cit.,p.l91.
32.
R.C.Mujumdar
,
History
of
Freedom
Movement
in
India,
II,p.
189
33.
Tarachand,
History
of
the
Freedom
Movement
in
India,
p.499.
34.
Bipan
Chandra,
Op.Cit
.
,p.
238.
35.
Bombay
Presidency
Police
Secret
Report,
1923,
p.532.
36.
Phade
Y.D.
,
Shahu
Chhatrapati
Ani
Lokmanya
,
p
.39.
37.
Vohra
Rajendra,
Brahmanetar
Chalwal
,
{1916-22)
,pp
.165-66
(An
Article
in
Prabhatkar
W.R.Kothari,
Vichar
Ani
Karya,
Ed.
by
Mrs
Shah
and
Kothari)
38.
Bombay
Presidency
Police
Secret
Report,
1923,
p.566.
39.
Ibid.
,
p.
839.
40.
Bombay
Presidency
Police
Secret
Report,
1925,
p.71.
41.
Ibid.
,
p.
645.
42.
R.C.Mujumdar,
History
of
Freedom
Movement
in
India,
Vol.III,p.232
119
43.
Rambhau
Rajwade
JanmaShatabdi
Smaranika,
1971
,
p
.
3.
44.
Ibid.,p.
4.
45.
Ibid
.,
p
.23.
46.
Ibid.
,
p.
7.
47.
Ibid.
48.
Dr.Antrolikar
Smruti
Ank,
1990,
P-1
49.
Ibid.
,
p.
2.
50.
Ibid.
,
p.
3.
51.
Ibid.
52.
Sidramappa
Phalamari-
Solapur
Kamgar,
p.9.
53.
Ibid
54.
Bombay
Presidency
Police
Secret
Report,
1927,
p.
112
55.
Ibid.
,
p.
248.
56.
Bipan
Chandra,
OpCit.,
p.246.
57.
Ibid.,p.
261.
58.
Bombay
Presidency
Police
Secret
Report,
1928,
p.
58.
59.
Ibid.,p.
353
60.
Bombay
Presidency
Police
Secret
Report,
1929,
p.117
61.
Ibid.
,
p.
353.
62.
Ibid.
,
p.
384.
63.
Ibid.,
p.385.
64.
Bombay
Presidency
Police
Secret Report,
1930,
p.304
120
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