The Communal Award was made by the British Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald on 16 August 1932 granting separate electorates in British India for the Forward Caste, Lower Caste, Muslims, Buddhists, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, Europeans and Untouchables (now known as the Dalits) etc.
Menon, V.P. (1998). Transfer of Power in India. Orient Blackswan. p. 49. ISBN 978-81-250-0884-2.
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MEETING -
CAN SEE JINNAH AS THE MAIN BRITISH AGENT IN THIS PHOTO
OTHERS invited by JINNAH ARE AMBEDKAR,DRAVIDA KAZAKAM RAMASAMI ETC
March 1942: Mohammad Ali Jinnahwith Sir Stafford Cripps after a meeting.
Sir Syed Ahmad (1817-1898). Starting his career as a clerk in the service of the East India Company in 1837 he finished as a member of the Governor General’s Legislative Council from 1878-1883. He had earned the confidence of the British by his saving many Europeans during the “Mutiny “, so that he was able to make the new rulers acquainted with the Muslim points of view they had been unaware of formerly. His activities comprised three fields, Islam, reconciliation with the British, and relation with the Hindus. As to Islam, after a visit to England in 1869 he became aware that Islamic theology should recover the dynamism it had possessed in the glorious past.His greatest contribution however was the establishment of the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh [shows how english rulers were thinking of dividing India into muslim and hindu even in 1870]
anti-Islamic currents were not universal at the time. At the first session of the Indian National Congress held in 1886 the President said:
Iqbal said at the Session of the Muslim League in 1930 :-
[by 1930's british increased their efforts to divide India]
In 1933 a Muslim student at Cambridge, Chaudhari Rahmat Ali, proposed to give Iqbal’s project the name of Pakistan. The name struck the imagination of the masses, and was in general use as late as 1940.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Iqbal was a poet, but no real politician. In fact the Muslims had at their disposal a qualified politician, Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948), but he followed for a very long period the unitary point of view adhered to by Nehru and Gandhi until, at last , he was converted to the Pakistan concept in 1937
Jinnah lost his influence in the National Congress, and, disgusted, he left India to establish himself as a lawyer in London between 1930-1940
[that is the time jinah was converted by british colonial rulers to lead a seperate nation called pakistan ;to divide India-because British thought by dividing India many times according to religion/caste/ruling kings/they can continue to exploit India ]
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The end of the English Empire (1947-1948)
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British wanted to separate the present Tamil nadu and Andhra area as dravida nadu ,and instigated it]
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British tried many tricks to hang on in India /pakistan region but failed
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GREEN PEACE INDIA WANTS TO DIVIDE INDIA INTO MANY PIECES
MOST PROBABLY A PAKISTAN SPONSORED OR CIA SPONSORED ORGANISATION
The 'award' attracted severe criticism from Mahatma Gandhi, the Akali Dal etc.
As a result of the Third Round Table Conference, in November 1932, the then Prime Minister of Britain Ramsay Macdonald gave his 'award' known as the Communal Award. According to it, separate representation was to be provided for the Forward Caste, Lower Caste, Muslims, Buddhists, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, Europeans and Dalits. The Untouchables were assigned a number of seats to be filled by election from special constituencies in which voters belonging to the Untouchables only could vote.
The Award was highly controversial and opposed by Mahatma Gandhi, who was in Yerveda jail, and fasted in protest against it. Once the Depressed Classes were treated as a separate community, the question of abolishing untouchability would not arise, and the work of Hindu social reform in this respect would come to a halt. Communal Award was supported by many among the minority communities, most notably the Untouchable leader, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. After lengthy negotiations, Gandhi reached an agreement with Dr. Ambedkar to have a single Hindu electorate, with Untouchables having seats reserved within it. This is called the Poona Pact. Electorates for other religions like Muslims, Buddhists, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, Europeans remained separate.
Akali Dal, the representative body of the Sikhs, was also highly critical of the Award, since only 19% reservation was provided to the Sikhs in Punjab, as opposed to the 51% reservation for the Muslims and 30% for the Hindus.[1][2]
As a result of the Third Round Table Conference, in November 1932, the then Prime Minister of Britain Ramsay Macdonald gave his 'award' known as the Communal Award. According to it, separate representation was to be provided for the Forward Caste, Lower Caste, Muslims, Buddhists, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, Europeans and Dalits. The Untouchables were assigned a number of seats to be filled by election from special constituencies in which voters belonging to the Untouchables only could vote.
The Award was highly controversial and opposed by Mahatma Gandhi, who was in Yerveda jail, and fasted in protest against it. Once the Depressed Classes were treated as a separate community, the question of abolishing untouchability would not arise, and the work of Hindu social reform in this respect would come to a halt. Communal Award was supported by many among the minority communities, most notably the Untouchable leader, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. After lengthy negotiations, Gandhi reached an agreement with Dr. Ambedkar to have a single Hindu electorate, with Untouchables having seats reserved within it. This is called the Poona Pact. Electorates for other religions like Muslims, Buddhists, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, Europeans remained separate.
Akali Dal, the representative body of the Sikhs, was also highly critical of the Award, since only 19% reservation was provided to the Sikhs in Punjab, as opposed to the 51% reservation for the Muslims and 30% for the Hindus.[1][2]
ReferencesEdit
- Asgharali Engineer (2006). They too fought for India's freedom: the role of minorities. Hope India Publications. p. 177. ISBN 978-81-7871-091-4.
- Bipan Chandra Engineer (1989). India's Struggle for Independence. Penguin India. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-140-10781-4.
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MEETING -
CAN SEE JINNAH AS THE MAIN BRITISH AGENT IN THIS PHOTO
OTHERS invited by JINNAH ARE AMBEDKAR,DRAVIDA KAZAKAM RAMASAMI ETC
March 1942: Mohammad Ali Jinnahwith Sir Stafford Cripps after a meeting.
Sir Syed Ahmad (1817-1898). Starting his career as a clerk in the service of the East India Company in 1837 he finished as a member of the Governor General’s Legislative Council from 1878-1883. He had earned the confidence of the British by his saving many Europeans during the “Mutiny “, so that he was able to make the new rulers acquainted with the Muslim points of view they had been unaware of formerly. His activities comprised three fields, Islam, reconciliation with the British, and relation with the Hindus. As to Islam, after a visit to England in 1869 he became aware that Islamic theology should recover the dynamism it had possessed in the glorious past.His greatest contribution however was the establishment of the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh [shows how english rulers were thinking of dividing India into muslim and hindu even in 1870]
anti-Islamic currents were not universal at the time. At the first session of the Indian National Congress held in 1886 the President said:
“For long our fathers lived and we have lived as individuals only or as families, but henceforward I hope that we shall be living as a nation, united one and all to promote our welfare, and the welfare of our mother-country”.Sir Syed however did not agree to that, and called the members of the Congress back to reality by saying in one of his speeches on the subject:-
“The proposals of the Congress are exceedingly inexpedient for a country which is inhabited by two different nations….Now suppose that all the English …were to leave India….then who would be rulers of India? Is it possible that under these circumstances two nations---the Mohammedan and Hindu—could sit on the same throne and remain equal in power? Most certainly not. It is necessary that one of them should conquer the other and thrust it down. To hope that both could remain equal is to desire the impossible and the inconceivable.”
Iqbal said at the Session of the Muslim League in 1930 :-
“I would like to see the Punjab, North West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single state. Self-government within the British Empire or without the British Empire, the formation of a consolidated North Western Indian Muslim state appear to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North West India… The Muslim demand ..is actuated by a genuine desire for free development which is practically impossible under the type of unitary government contemplated by the nationalist Hindu politicians with a view to secure permanent communal dominance in the whole of India. Nor should the Hindus fear that the creation of autonomous Muslim states will mean the introduction of a kind of religious rule in such states. For India it means security and peace resulting from an internal balance of power, for Islam an opportunity to rid itself of the stamp that Arabian imperialism was forced to give it, to mobilize its law, its education, its culture, and to bring them into closer contact with its own original spirit and with the spirit of modern times.”
In 1933 a Muslim student at Cambridge, Chaudhari Rahmat Ali, proposed to give Iqbal’s project the name of Pakistan. The name struck the imagination of the masses, and was in general use as late as 1940.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Iqbal was a poet, but no real politician. In fact the Muslims had at their disposal a qualified politician, Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948), but he followed for a very long period the unitary point of view adhered to by Nehru and Gandhi until, at last , he was converted to the Pakistan concept in 1937
Jinnah lost his influence in the National Congress, and, disgusted, he left India to establish himself as a lawyer in London between 1930-1940
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instigated Hyderabad,Travancore,Junagadh to be free ...
pazhayathu.blogspot.com/.../britaish-told-hyderabadtravancorejunaga.ht...
Jun 12, 2014 - COLONIAL RULERS- instigated Hyderabad,Travancore,Junagadh to be free countries in ... hyderabad king -NIZAM- and sardar vallabhai patel ... Junagadh was a princely state ruled by Muslim rulers in British India till its ...The end of the English Empire (1947-1948)
The English, having in mid 1945 voted
from office the pro-Empire Churchill and installed the anti-imperial Labour
Party leader Atlee, easily fell in line behind the American idea that Europe
should get out of the imperialism business in Asia and Africa. In
1947 England pulled out of its long-standing position in India (which then
fell immediately into a horribly murderous civil war – which produced even
the assassination of the spiritual leader of Indian independence, Gandhi).
And the following year (1948) England abandoned her responsibilities in
Palestine, leaving that country to plunge into a terrible civil war between
Arab Palestinians demanding recognition of their rights as a nation – and
Jewish refugees from Europe flooding into Palestine to escape the legacy
of what had been a very anti-Jewish Europe.
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British wanted to separate the present Tamil nadu and Andhra area as dravida nadu ,and instigated it]
The Demand for Dravida Nadu - Tamil Nation & Beyond
tamilnation.co › The Tamil Heritage - History & Geography
Jump to In 1943 and 1944 leaders of the Justice Party continued to ... - Justice Party renamed Dravidar ... said that he wanted Dravidanad to be a ... He added that the Dravidanad would be separated from the rest of India and ...British tried many tricks to hang on in India /pakistan region but failed
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Independent Nation for India's 300 Million Untouchable ...
www.greenpeacex.in/.../independent-nation-for-india-s-300-million-unto...
Independent Nation for India's 300 Million Untouchable People ... We should send all Dalits from India to Bihar and give independence to that BIMARU state.
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